Full form of HIV is HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.
HIV viruse cause AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
AIDS is the biggest threat to mankind in last three decades.because till now it is non curable.
History/Origin of AIDS
The first case of AIDS was described from New York (USA) in 1981.Which was soon followed by the discovery (isolation) of HIV-1 from Pasteur Institute, Paris in 1983.
HIV in humans was believed to be acquired from chimpanzee by the cross species infections of simian counterpart of HIV in rural Africa (simian immunodeficiency virus or SIVcpz).
some special point about HIV virus …..
- HIV is a retroviruses
WHAT IS THE MORPHOLOGY OF HIV VIRUS ??
Genes Contained by the HIV ??
why retroviruses called as retroviruses??
Mode of transmission of hiv viruses.
HIV is transmitted through the following modes:
Sexual mode, and Blood transfusion, Percutaneous/mucosal transmission modes, and lastly Perinatal mode.
- There is no evidence of HIV transmission by casual contact or also from kissing and insect bite.
- Firstly Viral load is maximum in blood, genital secretions, and CSF; In addition variable in breast milk and saliva; and lastly zero to minimal in other body fluids or urine
1.Sexual mode is the most common mode of transmissions.
• Heterosexual route ( male to female via vaginal coitus) is the commonest mode
• Anal intercourse ( among homosexual males or even male to female) has higher risk of transmission than vaginal intercourse.
2 .Blood transfusion,
Though is the least common mode of transmission (5%) but the risk is maximum (90- 95%)
3.Percutaneous/mucosal transmission modes
- such as needle stick injury, injection drug abuse and sharing razors or tattooing or splashes of infected blood on eyes, etc. are among the less effective modes of transmission .
4.Perinatal mode:
• Transmission may occur at anytime during pregnancy and breastfeeding but the risk is maximum during delivery or if mother is recently infected or has already developed AIDS.
What is the High-risk Groups for HIV infections ??
– Most commonly seen –
1.Homosexuals and people with multiple sex partners, and prostitutes,
2. Intravenous drug abusers and
3.People with other STIs (sexually-transmitted infections)
– Rarely seen in
- Health care workers (via accidental needle pricks) and Recipients of blood or blood products