Dyspepsia often referred to as indigestion.
dyspepsia refers to acute,chronic or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen.
Predominant epigastric pain – present for at least 1 month.
Epigastric pain may be associated with other symptoms-(heartburn, nausea, fullness,vomiting).
Dyspepsia occurs in 10-20% of the adult population
Dyspepsia is a medical term used to describe to a range of symptoms related to digestion and discomfort in the upper abdomen.
Symptom..
- Burning sensation and pain
- Burning sensation in the upper abdomen typically occurring after meals.
- The pain can range from- mild to severe and may be persistent or intermittent.
2. Nausea and vomiting:
- May occasionally lead to vomiting [especially if the symptoms are severe or prolonged]
3. Bloating and fullness:
- Dyspepsia can cause excessive bloating
- Excessive fullness in the upper abdomen even after consuming small amounts of food.
4. Early satiety:
- Early feelings of fullness during a meal
5. Heartburn and acid reflux:
- Heartburn [characterized by a burning sensation in the chest due to the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus]
Some common causes include:
1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD):
GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus leading to heartburn and indigestion.
2. Gastric ulcers:
Gastric ulcers are open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach and can cause dyspepsia symptoms.
3. H. pylori infection:
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium –
that can Infect the stomach lining leading to inflammation and dyspepsia.
4. Medications:
Certain Medication such as Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs )can irritate the stomach lining .
5. Functional dyspepsia:
Dyspepsia is usually a mild and temporary condition.
– Lifestyle modifications such as:
- Avoiding trigger foods
- eating smaller meals or
- maintaining a healthy weight
-Antacids or acid-reducing medications can also provide temporary relief.