Dyspepsia often referred to as indigestion. dyspepsia refers to acute,chronic or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen. Predominant epigastric pain – present for at least 1 month. Epigastric pain may be associated with other symptoms-(heartburn, nausea, fullness,vomiting).…
URTICARIA Urticaria is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by itchy wheals, which develop due to evanescent edema of dermis (and sometimes of subcutis). 5 PATHOGENESIS Basic pathology is vasodilatation of vessels and leakage of fluid into the surrounding…
Sulfonamides Sulfonamides were the first effective antibacterial agents to be used systemically in man. They were introduced by Domagk in 1935 and in the next few years several of them were synthesized and widely used. Currently, their role in therapeutics…
• Narrowing (stenosis) or complete obstruction of blood vessels lumens, either progressively (e.g., by atherosclerosis) or precipitously(e.g., by thrombosis or embolism) • Weakening of vessel walls, leading to dilation or rupture What is normal vascular structure?? Arterial walls are thicker…
Cough is a protective reflex, its purpose being removal of respiratory secretions and foreign particles from air passages. Cough may be useful or useless. Suppression of Useless (nonproductive ) cough is very important. ( non productive means cough without sputum)…
Full form of HIV is HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS. HIV viruse cause AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) AIDS is the biggest threat to mankind in last three decades.because till now it is non curable. History/Origin of AIDS The first case of…
What is examples of rodents….. MICE , GUINEA PIG ,RAT Transmission of rodent born virus Major rodent-borne viruses include: 1.Hantaviruses: They cause mainly two categories of manifestations like – • Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( caused by Hantaan virus,…
MYOCARDIUM- The pumping function of the heart occurs through – Coordinated contraction (during systole) and – Relaxation (during diastole) of cardiac myocytes (the myocardium). ANF and BNF are protein hormones that are released in response to increased stretch and -they…
